Australia is on track to harvest a near-record winter grain crop of 61.9 million tonnes - but what will be a record for some farmers will be heartbreak for others, due to the impacts of excessive rainfall on grain volume, yield and quality in parts of the country.

In the newly-released Rabobank’s 2022/23 Australian Winter Crop Forecast report, the specialist agribusiness bank says despite the weather challenges, the nation is set to harvest its third consecutive bumper winter crop. Forecast to be down only one per cent on last year – which broke all-time production records – the total grain crop is estimated to be 41 per cent above the five-year average.

But it won’t be good news for all, the report says. While farmers in some parts of Australia will “reap record or near-record crops”, others in areas across New South Wales and Victoria are facing “yield, volume and quality downgrades due to excessive rains, washed out fields and un-harvestable crops”.

Report author, RaboResearch agriculture analyst Dennis Voznesenski (pictured), said while it was too soon to quantify the impact of heavy rainfall and flooding in recent days in Victoria on the state’s overall production, “there has been significant impact to yields on low-lying crops with many under water in central and northern Victoria, however crops on rolling and rising country have fared better”.

Nationally, Rabobank forecasts wheat production to come in at 35.5 million tonnes – down two per cent on last year, but 47 per cent above the five-year average. Barley production is expected to reach a record 14.8 million tonnes, up seven per cent on last season and 31 per cent above the five-year average. The canola crop is forecast to reach a record 7.2 million tonnes, also a seven per cent increase on the previous year and a whopping 81 per cent up on the five-year average.

 Mr Voznesenski said: “On the whole”, Western Australia and South Australia are set to break production records.

“While Victoria was on track to break production records until last week, we are going to have to wait for all the forecast rainfall to come through and for waters to recede to see the full impact of the rains on production,” he said. “The unfavourable conditions mean harvest is likely to be drawn out into January.”

He said a substantial increase on last year’s rainfall across the Mallee and Wimmera in Victoria and Murray Mallee in South Australia has set up some farmers in these regions to harvest all-time record crop yields.

Queensland is expected to see a large, but not record, crop harvested.

NSW farmers, however, especially those in central regions, are battling conditions even wetter than last year, Mr Voznesenski said.

“Excessive rain leading into harvest followed significant issues at planting, where some farmers replanted up to three times or had to abandon hectares all together,” he said.

 “Across New South Wales, parts of Victoria and southern Queensland, we expect to see considerably less hectares harvested than were planted due to excessive rains either at planting, during the growing season or leading right into harvest.

“And the challenge of a wet harvest will be compounded by labour shortages, with an estimated 30 per cent of farms in Queensland and 27 per cent in NSW having to change harvest strategies as a result of insufficient labour.”

Here is the forecast for around Australia

WA is expected to harvest a record total crop of 23.47 million tonnes, up two per cent on last year’s record.

South Australia is also preparing for another record harvest this season, of almost 10.7 million tonnes, one per cent above the last record set in 2016/17 and a 27 per cent increase on last year.

Until the recent flooding, Victoria’s total winter crop was expected to come in at 11.5 million tonnes, an all-time record exceeding 2020/21 (the last record) by 17 per cent and up on last year by 26 per cent.

“Too much of a good thing” though has robbed Queensland of a record year, the report says, with excessive rainfall through the season resulting in many regions harvesting 90 per cent of planted crop hectares, with some further south harvesting only 80 to 85 per cent. At a forecast total crop harvest of 2.6 million tonnes for the season, the state’s production will be six per cent down on the previous year.

With NSW hardest hit by excess rain throughout the season, the state’s grain and oilseed production is expected to come in 28 per cent below last year, at 13.6 million tonnes. 

“Depending on the region, only between 75 to 92 per cent of the state’s planted grains and oilseed hectares will actually be harvested,” Mr Voznesenski said.

Excessive rainfall had also weighed on NSW crop yields, while prevalent weed and disease issues had been compounded by farmers not being able to get on to paddocks to spray because of wet conditions.

“Crop quality has also been significantly impacted, with even more feed-quality wheat now expected from the state than last year,” he said.

With another bumper national harvest on the way, Australia will have plentiful grain and oilseeds for the export market, the Rabobank report says. However, the ability to supply world markets will be limited by supply chain bottlenecks, both in regional areas and with capacity at Australian ports.

The exportable surplus in Australia from the 2022/23 harvest is expected to exceed the nation’s official estimated 2021 national export capacity of 47.5 million tonnes, Mr Voznesenski said.  “When an approximate figure is also added for still unsold 2021/22 crop, the exportable surplus could rise to 53.5 million tonnes, and this does not include an unknown volume of grain owned by the grain trade itself,” he said.